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11.  Algebraic expressions

Terms versus factors. The function of parentheses. The order of operations. The value of a letter. What it means to evaluate an expression.

12.  Signed numbers

The absolute value and the algebraic sign. Subtracting a larger number from a smaller. The number line. The negative of any number.

13.  Adding and subtracting signed numbers

"Adding" a negative number. Naming terms. The rule for adding terms. Subtracting a negative number.

14.  Multiplying and dividing signed numbers

The Rule of Signs.

15.  Some rules of algebra

The rule of symmetry. Commutative rules. Inverses. Two rules for equations.

16.  Reciprocals and zero

The Definition of Division. Rules for 0.

17.  Removing grouping symbols

Parentheses. Brackets. Braces.
The relationship of  ab  to  ba.

18.  Adding like terms

19.  Linear equations

Inverse operations. The four forms of equations. Transposing. A logical sequence of statements.

10.  Word problems

11.  Inequalities

12.  Absolute value

13.  Exponents I

Adding exponents. Power of a product. Multiplying exponents.

14.  Multiplying out: The distributive rule

15.  Common factor

The definition of a polynomial in x.
Factoring polynomials.
Factoring by grouping. Equations that require factoring.

16.  Quadratic trinomials

Products of binomials.

17.  Factoring trinomials

Quadratics in different arguments.

18.  Perfect square trinomials

The square of a trinomial. Completing the square.

19.  The difference of two squares

Summary of Multiplying/Factoring.
Factoring by grouping.
Factoring an ± bn.

20.  Algebraic fractions

Rational expressions. The principle of equivalent fractions. Reducing to lowest terms.

21.  Negative exponents

Subtracting exponents. Negative exponents. Exponent 0. Scientific notation.

22.  Multiplying and dividing algebraic fractions

Complex fractions.

23.  Adding algebraic fractions

The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of a series of terms.

24.  Equations with fractions

Clearing of fractions.

25.  Word problems that lead to equations with fractions

Same time problems: Upstream-downstream.
Job problems.

26.  Radicals:  Rational and irrational numbers

Square roots. Equations x² = a. Rationalizing a denominator. Real numbers.

27.  Simplifying radicals


Fractional radicand.

28.  Multiplying and dividing radicals

Conjugate pairs.

29.  Rational exponents

The index of a radical. Fractional exponent.

30.  Complex numbers

The real and imaginary components. Conjugate pairs.

31.  Rectangular coordinates

Actual versus potential infinities.

32.  The Pythagorean distance formula

The distance of a point from the origin. The distance between any two points.

33.  The equation of a straight line

The equation of the first degree.

34.  The slope of a straight line

The point-slope formula. The two-point formula.

35.  Simultaneous linear equations

The method of addition. The method of substitution. Cramer's Rule. Three equations in three unknowns.

36.  Word problems that lead to simultaneous equations

Investment problems. Mixture problems.
Upstream-downstream problems.

37.  Quadratic equations

The roots of a quadratic. Solution by factoring. Completing the square. The quadratic formula.
The graph of a quadratic.

38.  Logarithms

Definition. The three laws of logarithms. Common logarithms.

39.  Variation

Direct variation. The constant of proportionality. Varies as the square. Varies inversely. Varies as the inverse square.


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